Central Nervous System · Uhlelo Lwemizwa Ephakathi
Central Nervous System
Work through history taking, examination phrases, vocabulary and common conditions for the central nervous system in isiZulu. Click any section to expand it.
Section 01
History Taking
82 questions · 10 categories
Presenting Complaint — Headache
1. When did the headaches first start?
Ngabe uqale nini ukuphathwa ikhanda?
2. Where about is the headache the worst?
Libuhlungu mamaphi ikhanda lakho?
3. Did the pain start suddenly?
Ngabe ubuhlungu buqale masinyane?
4. Did you hear a loud sound before the headache started?
Ngabe ukhona umsindo ophezulu owawuzwa ngaphambili kokuba ikhanda liqale?
5. Have you noticed the headache has been getting worse?
Ngabe ikhanda lakho liya ngokuya liba buhlungu kakhulu?
6. Does anything help make the headache better?
Ngabe kukhona okukusizayo ukudambisa ubuhlungu bekhanda?
7. Have you taken any medication for the headache?
Ngabe akhona amaphilisi noma umuthi owusebenzisile ngoba uphethwe yikhanda?
8. Does anything make the headache worse?
Ngabe kukhona okwenza ubuhlungu bekhanda buqhubeke?
9. Does the headache get worse with loud noises or bright lights?
Ngabe ubuhlungu bekhanda buyabhebhetheka uma kunomsindo ophezulu noma kukhanya kakhulu?
10. Do you have blurry vision?
Uke ubone engathi kubufilifili?
11. Are you sensitive to bright light when experiencing headache?
Awuzwani nokukhanya uma uphethwe yikhanda?
12. Do you always have the headache?
Ngabe uhlezi uphethwe ikhanda?
13. Is the headache only on one side?
Ngabe ikhanda libuhlungu ohlangothini olulodwa?
Presenting Complaint — Epilepsy
1. When did the fit happen?
Ngabe udlikize nini?
2. How many fits have you had?
Ngabe sewudlikize kangaki?
3. How long did the fit last?
Ngabe udlikize isikhathi esingakanani?
4. Did you fall to the floor?
Ngabe uwele phansi?
5. Did you lose consciousness?
Ngabe wawa wangazi lutho?
6. Did you bite your tongue?
Ngabe uzilume ulimi?
7. Did you mess yourself with urine or stools?
Ngabe uzimoshele izingubo?
8. Was your whole body moving or just one arm?
Udlikize umzimba wonke noma ingalo kuphela?
9. Was there any frothing in the mouth?
Ngabe waphuma amagwebu emlonyeni?
10. Are you confused about anything now?
Ngabe kukhona ukudideka anakho manje?
11. Is this the first time you had a fit?
Ngabe ubeqala ukudlikiza?
Presenting Complaint — Stroke
1. When did it happen?
Kwenzeke nini lokhu?
2. Is this the first time something like this has happened?
Ngabe kuyaqala ukwenzeka lokhu?
3. Did this start suddenly or gradually?
Ngabe lokhu kuqale ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane?
4. What were you doing when this happened?
Ngabe bewenzani ngesikhathi lokhu kwenzeka?
5. Did your face become weak or droop?
Ngabe ubuso bakho buke bube buthakathaka noma balenge?
6. Do you have any weakness in your arm or leg?
Ngabe unobuthakathaka engalweni noma emlenzeni wakho?
7. Is it on one side of the body that is affected?
Ngabe kuthinteke uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba?
8. Were there any visual disturbances?
Ngabe unakho ukuphazamiseka ekuboneni kwakho?
9. Do you have any problems with eating or swallowing?
Ngabe unenkinga yokudla noma yokugwinya?
10. Have you had any changes with your voice?
Ngabe kukhona izinguquko ngezwi lakho?
11. Did you lose consciousness?
Ngabe wawa wangazi lutho?
12. Did you mess yourself with urine or stools?
Ngabe uzimoshele izingubo?
13. Have you had a stroke before?
Wake washaywa unhlangothi ngaphambilini?
Systemic Inquiry — Motor System
1. Do you have any problems with walking?
Unayo inkinga yokuhamba?
2. Are you able to easily get up from a chair?
Uyakwazi ukusukuma kahle esihlalweni?
3. Are you able to reach for things high up?
Uyakwazi ukufinyelela ezintweni eziphezulu?
4. Are you able to brush your own teeth?
Uyakwazi ukuzixubha amazinyo?
5. Are you able to button your own clothes?
Ngabe uyakwazi ukuzifasa izingubo zokugqoka?
6. Have you noticed any abnormal movements in your hands and legs?
Ngabe kukhona ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile ezandleni kanye nasemlenzeni yakho?
Systemic Inquiry — Sensory System
1. Can you feel hot or cold water on your body when you have a bath?
Ngabe uyakuzwa ukubanda kanye nokushisa kwamanzi uma ugeza?
2. Are you able to feel pain in your hands and legs?
Uyakwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu ezandleni nasemilenzeni yakho?
3. Do you feel pins and needles in your hands and legs?
Ngabe uzwa ukujoja kwezinaliti ezandleni nasemlenzeni yakho?
Systemic Inquiry — Cranial Nerves
1. Have you noticed any problems with your ability to smell?
Zikhona izinkinga oke wazizwa mayelana nokuhogela kwakho?
2. Have you had any problems with your vision?
Uke waba nenkinga yokubona?
3. Have you noticed any abnormal positions of your eye?
Ngabe kukhona izimo ezingejwayelekile esweni lakho?
4. Are you able to feel water on your face?
Ngabe uyakwazi ukuzwa amanzi ebusweni bakho?
5. Do you have any problems with chewing your food?
Unayo inkinga yokuhlafuna ukudla?
6. Do you have any problems with swallowing your food?
Unayo inkinga yokugwinya ukudla?
7. Have you been having any problems with hearing lately?
Uke waba nenkinga yokuzwa mumva nje?
8. Have you noticed any changes in the sound of your voice?
Ngabe lukhona ushitsho ezwini lakho?
9. Have you recently started to struggle with pronouncing words?
Ngabe unenkinga yokuphimisa amanye amagama mumva nje?
Systemic Inquiry — Cerebellar
1. Have you had any problems with balance recently?
Unazo izinkinga zokuzimela?
2. Have you been tripping over yourself?
Ngabe ubulokhu ukhubeka?
3. Do you struggle to reach for and grab objects?
Unenkinga yokufinyelela noma yokubamba izinto?
Past Medical History
1. Do you have high blood pressure?
Ngabe unesifo somfutho wegazi?
2. Do you have diabetes?
Ngabe unesifo sika shukela?
3. Do you have any heart problems?
Ngabe unezinkinga zenhliziyo?
4. Have you been tested for HIV?
Usuke walihlolela igciwane lesandulela ngculazi?
5. Are you taking any medication for epilepsy? What medication are you taking?
Ngabe ikhona imithi oyisebenzisayo yesifo sokuwa? Yimiphi leyo mithi?
6. Are you taking any blood thinners?
Ngabe ikhona imithi yegazi oyithathayo.
7. What medication are you taking for pain?
Ngabe uthatha miphi imithi uma unezinhlungu?
8. Have you ever been in a car accident?
Wake waba sengozini yemoto?
9. Have you ever had any trauma to your head?
Wake walimala ekhanda? Wake waba nokuhlukumezeka ekhanda?
10. Have you ever experienced any mental health problems?
Ngabe wake waphazamiseka ekhanda?
11. Have you visited a traditional healer?
Usuke wayobona umelaphi wesintu?
Family History
1. Does anyone in your family have epilepsy?
Ukhona onesifo sokuwa emndenini wakho?
2. Has anyone in your family had similar problems?
Ukhona emndenini wakho owake waba nenkinga efana nalena?
3. Has anyone in your family had cancer? Which cancer?
Ngabe ukhona owake waba nomdlavuza ekhaya? Hloboluni lomdlavuza?
Social History
1. Where do you live?
Uhlala kuphi?
2. With whom do you live?
Uhlala nobani?
3. Are you currently employed or unemployed? What is your current occupation?
Ngabe uqashiwe njengamanje noma awuqashiwe? Wenza muphi umsebenzi njengamanje?
4. Do you have access to basic amenities?
Ngabe uyakwazi ukuthola izinsiza eziyisisekelo?
5. Tell us about your diet.
Sitshele ngokudla okudlayo.
6. Do you smoke?
Ngabe uyabhema?
7. How many cigarettes and for how many years?
Ubhema ugwayi (usikilidi) omungaki, futhi usunesikhathi esingakanani ubhema?
8. Do you use any drugs?
Ngabe zikhona izidakamizwa ozisebenzisayo?
9. Do you drink alcohol?
Ngabe uyaphuza utshwala?
10. How much alcohol do you drink?
Uphuza utshwala obungakanani?
Section 02
Examination
37 phrases · 4 categories
Cranial Nerves
Are you able to smell this?
Uyakwazi ukuhogela lokhu?
What color do you see?
Ubona umbala onjani?
Please follow my finger with your eyes. Do not move your head.
Ngicela ulandele umunwe wami ngamehlo akho. Ungalinyakazisi ikhanda.
Bite down on your teeth firmly.
Luma emazinyweni akho uqinise.
Open your mouth. Push against my hand with your jaw.
Vula umlomo wakho. Cindezela isandla sami ngomhlathi wakho.
Raise your eyebrows.
Phakamisa amashiya akho.
Close your eyes tight and resist me trying to open them.
Vala amehlo akho uqinise futhi ungangivumeli ngiwavule.
Blow out your cheeks and hold your breath.
Futha izidlathi zakho bese ubamba umoya.
Pull your lips in and resist me trying to pull.
Faka izindebe zakho ngaphakathi ungangivumeli ngizidonse.
Are you able to hear this?
Ngabe uyakuzwa lokhu?
Tell me when you stop hearing this.
Ungitshele uma ungasezwa lutho.
Please open your mouth and keep your tongue rested inside.
Ngicela uvule umlomo bese ugcina ulimi lulele ngaphakathi.
Push your tongue against your cheek and push against my finger.
Phusha ulimi lakho ngasesihlathini bese uphusha umunwe wami.
Repeat after me.
Phinda emva kwami.
Open your mouth wide and say “Ah”.
Vula umlomo wakho kakhulu bese uthi “Ah”.
Please swallow.
Ngicela ugwinye.
Lift your shoulders up and resist me pressing down on them.
Phakamisa amahlombe bese ungangivumeli ngiwacindezele ashone phansi.
Turn your head to the side and resist me pushing against it.
Jikisa ikhanda lakho libheke eceleni bese ungavumi ngikwazi ukulidudula.
Please stick out your tongue.
Ngicela ukhiphe ulimi lwakho.
Motor Exam
Relax your arm.
Khulula ingalo yakho.
Relax your leg.
Khulula umlenze wakho.
Bend your arm.
Gobisa ingalo yakho.
Bend your leg.
Gobisa umlenze wakho.
Relax your arm on my arm.
Khulula ingalo yakho engalweni yami.
Push against me.
Dudula.
Hold my fingers as tight as you can.
Bamba iminwe yami uyiqinise.
Sensory
Can you feel this?
Uyayizwa lento?
Please tell me every time you feel this on your skin.
Ngicela ungitshele uma ukuzwa lokhu esikhunjeni sakho.
Cerebellar
Can you walk? Please walk for me.
Ungakwazi ukuhamba? Ngicela ungihambele.
Please copy what I am doing.
Ngicela wenze njengoba ngenza.
Please follow my finger with your eyes. Do not move your head.
Ngicela ulandele umunwe wami ngamehlo akho. Ungalinyakazisi ikhanda.
Please use your finger to touch your nose and then touch my finger.
Ngicela usebenzise umunwe uthinte ikhala lakho bese uthinta umunwe wami.
Please repeat after me.
Ngicela wenze njengoba ngenza.
Please move your heel against your shin like this. Make sure to pick your leg up.
Ngicela ubeke isithende sakho esithweni kanje. Uphakamise umlenze wakho.
Thank you. Please repeat it on the other side.
Ngiyabonga. Ngicela uphinde wenze nangakolunye uhlangothi.
Please sit up straight and put your hands out like this. Now close your eyes and stay like this.
Ngicela uhlale uqonde bese welula izandla zakho kanje. Manje vala amehlo bese uhlala kanje.
Please stand up and cross your arms over your shoulder. Now close your eyes.
Ngicela usukume, uphambanise izingalo uzibeke emahlombe akho. Vala amehlo akho manje.
Section 03
Vocabulary
8 terms
Brain
Ubuchopho
Nerves
Umuzwa
Spinal cord
Umfunkulu
Cerebellum
Ubuchoshana
Meninges
Imeninges (Ulwelwesi olumboze ubuchopho nomgogodla)
Skull
Ugebhezi
Head
Ikhanda
Spine / Vertebrae
Umgogodla / Okomgogodla
Section 04
Conditions
8 conditions
Headache
Ikhanda elibuhlungu / Ukuphathwa yikhanda
Stroke
Unhlangothi / Isifo sohlangothi
Fits / Epilepsy
Ukudlikiza / Isifo sokuwa / Isithuthwane
Brain tumour
Isimila ebuchosheni
Meningitis
Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lobuchopho
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 / Ukushoda kuka vithamini B12
Anaemia
Ukushoda kwegazi
Sciatica
Okuphathelene nenqulu / Okwenqulu